
金融行業涉及廣泛的專業術語和概念,這些詞匯對于理解市場動態、財務報告和投資策略至關重要。本文將為您提供50個常見金融詞匯的中英對照,這些詞匯涵蓋了金融領域的主要方面,包括投資、銀行、會計等。通過掌握這些詞匯,您將能夠更深入地了解金融市場和相關活動,并提高在國際金融環境中的溝通能力。
Asset (資產)
定義: 具有經濟價值的資源或財產。
例句: "Real estate is considered a valuable asset."
Liability (負債)
定義: 公司的財務義務或債務。
例句: "The company's liabilities include loans and unpaid bills."
Equity (股本)
定義: 股東在公司中的所有權份額。
例句: "Equity represents the owners' claim on the company's assets."
Revenue (收入)
定義: 從銷售商品或提供服務中獲得的總收入。
例句: "The company's revenue increased by 10% this year."
Expense (費用)
定義: 運營過程中發生的支出。
例句: "Operating expenses need to be closely monitored."
Profit (利潤)
定義: 收入減去費用后的凈收益。
例句: "The company reported a significant profit this quarter."
Loss (虧損)
定義: 收入低于費用的結果。
例句: "The firm experienced a loss due to decreased sales."
Investment (投資)
定義: 將資金投入以期獲得未來的收益。
例句: "Investment in technology can drive future growth."
Bond (債券)
定義: 一種債務工具,發行者承諾在未來支付利息和本金。
例句: "Government bonds are considered low-risk investments."
Stock (股票)
定義: 代表公司所有權的證券。
例句: "Buying stock gives you partial ownership of a company."
Dividend (股息)
定義: 公司分配給股東的利潤部分。
例句: "Investors often seek stocks with high dividends."
Interest Rate (利率)
定義: 借款或投資的成本或收益的比例。
例句: "The interest rate on loans has increased."
Inflation (通貨膨脹)
定義: 價格水平的普遍上升。
例句: "Inflation can erode the purchasing power of money."
Deflation (通貨緊縮)
定義: 價格水平的普遍下降。
例句: "Deflation can lead to reduced consumer spending."
Capital (資本)
定義: 用于投資的資金或資產。
例句: "The company raised capital to fund new projects."
Credit (信用)
定義: 允許在未來支付的購買或借款能力。
例句: "Good credit is essential for securing loans."
Debit (借記)
定義: 從賬戶中扣除的金額。
例句: "A debit transaction reduces your account balance."
Balance Sheet (資產負債表)
定義: 顯示公司資產、負債和股東權益的財務報表。
例句: "The balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company's financial health."
Income Statement (利潤表)
定義: 顯示公司收入和費用的財務報表。
例句: "The income statement shows the company's profitability over a period."
Cash Flow (現金流)
定義: 現金在公司內部的流入和流出。
例句: "Positive cash flow is crucial for business operations."
Market Capitalization (市值)
定義: 公司的總市值,計算方法為股價乘以流通股數。
例句: "Market capitalization indicates the company's overall value in the market."
Bull Market (牛市)
定義: 股票市場上漲的趨勢。
例句: "A bull market typically leads to increased investor confidence."
Bear Market (熊市)
定義: 股票市場下跌的趨勢。
例句: "A bear market can result in lower investment returns."
Portfolio (投資組合)
定義: 投資者持有的所有投資的集合。
例句: "Diversifying your portfolio can reduce risk."
Asset Allocation (資產配置)
定義: 在不同資產類別中分配投資的策略。
例句: "Effective asset allocation is key to achieving investment goals."
Hedge Fund (對沖基金)
定義: 通過多種策略來獲得高回報的投資基金。
例句: "Hedge funds often use leverage and derivatives."
Mutual Fund (共同基金)
定義: 集合投資者資金并進行多樣化投資的基金。
例句: "Mutual funds offer investors diversification and professional management."
Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) (交易型開放式指數基金)
定義: 在證券交易所上市交易的投資基金。
例句: "ETFs combine the diversification of mutual funds with the flexibility of stock trading."
Derivative (衍生品)
定義: 基于其他資產的金融合約。
例句: "Derivatives can be used for hedging or speculation."
Futures Contract (期貨合約)
定義: 雙方約定在未來某個時間以固定價格買賣資產的合約。
例句: "Futures contracts are commonly used in commodity trading."
Options (期權)
定義: 給予持有者在特定時間以特定價格買入或賣出資產的權利。
例句: "Options provide the flexibility to trade without obligation."
Liquidity (流動性)
定義: 資產轉換為現金的難易程度。
例句: "High liquidity assets can be quickly converted to cash."
Volatility (波動性)
定義: 資產價格變動的程度。
例句: "Volatility can indicate the level of risk in an investment."
Yield (收益率)
定義: 投資所產生的回報率。
例句: "The yield on bonds is often a key factor for investors."
Risk Management (風險管理)
定義: 識別和降低投資風險的過程。
例句: "Effective risk management strategies are essential for long-term success."
Leverage (杠桿)
定義: 使用借款增加投資收益的策略。
例句: "Leverage can amplify both gains and losses."
Margin (保證金)
定義: 在交易中用于擔保的資金。
例句: "Margin trading allows for larger positions with a smaller initial investment."
Arbitrage (套利)
定義: 利用市場價格差異獲利的策略。
例句: "Arbitrage opportunities can arise in various financial markets."
Collateral (擔保品)
定義: 用于擔保貸款的資產。
例句: "Collateral provides security for lenders in case of default."
Underwriting (承銷)
定義: 評估和接受風險的過程,通常在證券發行中進行。
例句: "Underwriting ensures that the risks associated with new securities are managed."
Credit Rating (信用評級)
定義: 評估借款人信用worthiness的指標。
例句: "A high credit rating can lower borrowing costs."
Default (違約)
定義: 無法按時償還債務的情況。
例句: "Defaulting on a loan can have severe financial consequences."
Treasury Bills (國庫券)
定義: 短期政府債務工具,通常用于融資。
例句: "Treasury bills are a low-risk investment option."
Certificates of Deposit (CDs) (存款證明)
定義: 由銀行發行的定期存款憑證,通常有固定利率。
例句: "CDs offer a guaranteed return with low risk."
Capital Gains (資本利得)
定義: 賣出資產時獲得的盈利。
例句: "Capital gains are often subject to taxation."
Amortization (攤銷)
定義: 分期償還貸款的過程。
例句: "Amortization schedules help manage loan repayments."
Depreciation (折舊)
定義: 資產隨著時間推移而貶值的過程。
例句: "Depreciation accounts for the reduction in value of fixed assets."
Accounts Receivable (應收賬款)
定義: 公司應收取的客戶款項。
例句: "Accounts receivable represents money owed to the company."
Accounts Payable (應付賬款)
定義: 公司應支付給供應商或債權人的款項。
例句: "Accounts payable reflects the company's short-term liabilities."
Net Worth (凈資產)
定義: 個人或公司的總資產減去總負債后的余額。
例句: "Net worth provides a clear picture of financial health."
掌握這些金融詞匯將幫助您更深入地理解金融報告和市場動態,提升您的專業知識和溝通能力。