了解英語基本句型是學習英語的基礎。初中英語中，掌握不同句型的結構對正確表達思想至關重要。以下將詳細介紹五種基本句型結構，并提供示例以幫助更好地理解和應用這些句型。

掌握初中英語的五種基本句型結構

根據句子所用動詞的不同，句子可歸納為五個基本句型。

1. 主語+連系動詞+表語 例如：

• My mother is a doctor.

• Her voice sounds nice.

2. 主語+不及物動詞 例如：

• He runs fast.

• We study hard.

3. 主語+及物動詞+賓語 例如：

• Children often sing this song.

• He studies English.

  Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿，不過stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語，而是作狀語。試比較下列句子：

• I like to swim in summer.

• I like swimming in summer.

• He stopped to smoke. 他停下來吸煙。

• He stopped smoking. 他停止吸煙了。

• Please remember to post the letter for me.

• I remember posting the letter.

• Where do wish to sit?

• Tom agreed to lend some money.

• She enjoys reading novels and swimming.

• I finished reading the book last night.

4. 有些及物動詞的賓語，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意義基本相同。這類動詞常見的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：

5. 有些及物動詞既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式作賓語，但意義不同。這類動詞常見的有：remember, forget等。例如：

6. 常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作賓語的動詞有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如：

7. 常用-ing形式，而不用不定式作賓語的動詞有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如：

4. 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 例如：

• My father bought me a new bike.

• He gave me an apple.

• Would you lend me your dictionary, please? = Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?

• Tom's mother bought him a pair of new shoes. = Tom's mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.

• Please pass me a cup of tea. = Please pass a cup of tea to me.

• Show me your new book, please. = Please show your new book to me.

2. 把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓前有時加介詞to，有時加介詞for，這主要取決于謂語動詞。一般在動詞give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在動詞buy, make, get等之后加for。例如：

3. 及物動詞之后跟有雙賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物。指人的為間接賓語，指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下，間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。如果要把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓語前需加介詞。例如：

5. 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 例如：

• We keep our classroom clean and tidy.

• I hear someone singing in the next room.

• I saw him go into the room.

• He was seen to go into the room.

• I heard him sing that song. (我聽他唱過那首歌。)

• When I came back, I heard him singing in the room. (我回來時，聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)

• We call him Jack.

• Don't get your hands dirty.

3. 在感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役動詞let, make, have等的復合賓語中，不定式須省去to。但變為被動句時，省去的to要加上。例如：

4. 在及物動詞之后，用不定式作賓語補足語和用-ing形式作賓語補足語表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補足語指事情的全過程；用-ing形式作賓語補足語指正在進行的動作的一部分。例如：

5. 及物動詞指后跟有復合賓語，一個是賓語，一個是賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。例如：